Testing machine



Nov. 15, 1932. M. SPINDEL 1,887,527

TESTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 21, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor.-

Patented Nov. 15, 1932 7 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MOSES SPINDEL, F INNSBRUGK, AUSTRIL TESTING MACHINE Application filed December 21', 1926, Ser ia1No. 156,116, and in Austria June 21, 1924,

"My present invention relates to testing ma-V chines of the general character described and claimed in my prior Patent No. 1,457,800, datedJune 5, 1923, and has for its general object to provide certain desirable improvements in such machines designed to enlarge their scope of use. V

The machine described'in my aforemens tioned patent may be usedadvantageously for determining the resistance to'wear, the resistance to machining and the frictional resistance of various materials such as that comprising constructional-and machine ele ments, tools and the like, but said machine" is not adapted for testing the rolling and the combined rolling and sliding friction-ofone element against another. 'Accordingly, the particular object of the invention is to soi'mprove machines of the type described in my aforesaid patent as to adapt them for determining the frictional resistance and the re sistance to wear not only ofva rotating test piece rolling in peripheral contact with the periphery of arotating test element, but also of'a test piece partaking of a combined rolling'and sliding or slipping motion against said test element;

For accomplishing thefforegoing object, the machine described in my aforementioned patent is modified by the provision of-a test piece holding member which is rotatably mounted on the test piece supportinglever whereby the axis of rotation of the test piece, which is disposed in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the test element peripherally engaged by the test piece, may be adjusted in said plane to any desired angular position relativeto the axis of rotation of the test element. 7 V

s In the accompanying drawings wherein is illustrated a machine embodying the improvements:

V Figure 11s a front elevation of the machine.

Figure 2 is a side elevation, partly insection. f

Figure 3 is a side elevatiompartly in sec,-

tion, illustrating the position of the test piece for generating a combined rolling and sliding friction between the test piece and the coop: crating test element; and g Y i Figure 4: is a plan view of the partsshown v in Figure 3,

Referring particularly to Figures 1 and, 2 of the drawings, it will be observed that the machine comprises a strong vertically dis 7 osed frame which is mounted on asuitably supported rotatable horizontal shaftG, coaxial with. which ,isza suitably supported rotatable shaft B which is adaptedto be driven in any suitable manner.. Fixed 'to the shaft B for rotation therewith is-alte'st ele- 'ment F'in the form ofa' grinding disk,-saw

or the like.

At one side of the frame H i'sforme'd avertica'l guideway in which is sl'idably mounted a block J, vertical adjustments ofwhich are adapted to be efiected by an adjusting ew it v rPivoted atone end "as at K, to the block'J is a lever L2 which extends over the shaft B and at its opposite end is suitably connected to an endlessfflexible element'3i wliic'h extends over a pair of vertically spaced sheavesl and 2 carried by the frame H, said element 3 carrying adjustable weight means fil' I Carried by the lever L2 at the underside thereof is a bracket'Minwhichthe'testpiece N in the formof'acylindrical' or disk-like specimen of the material to be tested is rotate ably mounted-on an axis parallel to the she-ft B for peripheral contact with the periphery of thetest element The bracket'M,- is provided with astud 27 disposed within an opens ing in the lever L2 and. havingan annular groove 2 receiv ng e n r end of a clamping Screw 2 t re de n sa d le erlwhe eby the bracket is adapted t0 b'rot a fi d' relative t the ever and to be secure in any sired rotated position relative thereto} v v V The adjustable weight means 6" operating through'the lever LQafi'ords means for'pressing the test piece N under a measurable pres sure against the test element F, -difierent weights being employed aceordi'ngv to the particular nature of the test piece"undergo ing examination; i a a A pendulum'9, fixed to'and ,depending'rfrom the shaft G,:is provided withra-vw eightm slidably adjustable therealong whereby the frame H may be balanced on the shaft G.

A screw threaded into the weight 10 for rotation of said test element tends: alsoflto.

rotate the frame H in a counter-clockwise direction. To resist such rot-ation'of said frame a two-arm lever T is pivoted to a suitable fixed support, as at t, and has one arin t2" and its other arm dependingfand weighted and provided with a pointer for cooperation with a scale T1; Thus, rotation of the frame .I-I under the influence of the test element F swings thelever Twhich, with the scale Tl, constitutes a pendulum dynamometer by. means of which the tangential force acting between the test element and the test piece is indicated, this force being at the same time a measure of the work being performed for a known peripheral velocity of the testelement; Therotation of the lever L2 about its pivot K is a measure of the amount of material removed from the testpiece N and the wear on the test element F,.and is indicated by means of an arm L1 fixed to the lever L2 and cooperating with suitablerecord-ing means as disclosed, for example, in Figures 3 and 5 of my aforesaid PatentNo. 1,457,800, I Pivotally mounted on-the', same pivot K as the lever L2-is a-lever 02 which extends to a point adjacent to the test element F and at its free end carriesaroller P which con tacts with the periphery of said test element. The rotation of this lever O2-about its pivot K is a'measure of the wear on the test element F and is indicated by an arm 01 fixed to said leverand cooperating with suitable recording means as alsodisc'losed, for example, in Figures 3' and 5 of my aforesaidpatent.

Knowing the pressure of the test piece N against the test element F, the'rateof rotation of the test element and the nature thereof, itobvi ously is possibleby means of the indications alforded bythe dynamometer T'and the recording means cooperating with the arms L1, 01 of thelevers L2,O2', respectively, to determineaccurately the resistance both as to rolling friction and wear of a test piece N of any given material rolling against any other given material. ,p c 7 j A screw 7 is threaded in the frame Hand is suitably engaged with the lever L2 for'moving thelatter to force either-a test piece N carried by the lever firmly against the test element F, or to force the lever directly and V firmly againstsaid test element, whereby any oscillation of the lever L2 relative to the frame H is prevented.

In order to generate a combined rolling and sliding friction between the test piece and the test element, the test piece is rotatably adjusted and fastened for example by the clamp screw 29 in the position illustrated in Figures 3and 4 whereby the axis of rotation of the test piece instead of extending parallel to the shaft B, as in Figures 1 and 2, extends diagonally 'atja suitable angle to the shaft B. Obviously, under these conditions and due to thediiferent directional rotary motions of the test piece and the testelement, a combined' sliding and rolling action will occur between said test piece and said test element as the former is driven by the latter.

Inview of the foregoing description considered in connectioi lwith the accompanying drawings it is believed that the improvements on the invention disclosed in my prior patent will be fully understood. It is desired to point out, however, that while specific embodiments ofthe invention have been illustrated in the drawings and described herein, various modifications of the structure shown may be resorted to within the spirit and scope of the inventionas defined in the appended claims.

v I claim: n

1. A testing machine of the character described comprising a rotatable shaft, a test elementmounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, a frame pivoted for rocking movement on an axis coincident with the axis of said shaft a lever having a pivotal connece tion at one end with said frame and extending across said shaft, meansweighting the other end ofsaid lever to urge the-same towards said shaft, means formountingarotatable test piece on said lever with its own axis of rotation in a plane parallel to the axis of ro-tationof the test element and also for rotatable adjustment-about an axis at right angles to its own 'axis of rotation whereby its plane of rotation may be disposed at any desired angle relativeto the plane of rotation of the test element, a pendulum dynamometer resisting rotation of the frame under the influence ofvthe tendency of the test piece to rotate withthe test element about theuaxisof the latter, means for indicating thejrotation of thelever about its pivot resulting from wear on the test piece and on the test element, and separate means forindicating the wear on the test element produced by engagement of the test piece therewith. l

2. A testingmachine of the character described comprising a rotatable shaft, a test element mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, a frame pivoted for rocking movement onan axis coincident with the axis of said shaft, a lever havingia pivotal connection atone end with:-said"frameandextending across said shaft, means weighting the other end of said lever to urge the same towards said shaft, a bracket mounted on said lever for rotatable adjustment about an axis at substantially right angles to the axis of rotation of the test element, means for mounting a rotatable test piece on said bracket with its own axis of rotation in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the test element, a

1 pendulum dynamometer resisting rotation of the frame under the influence of the tendency of the test piece to rotate with the test element about the axis of the latter, means for indicating the rotation of the lever about its pivot resulting from wear on the test piece and on the test element, and separate means for indicating the wear on the test element produced by engagement of the test piece therewith.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

MOSES SPINDEL. 

